By Alberto Martinez
While the whole world was masquerading in scary and outrageous costumes during Halloween, a team of scientists was making progress with the latest study on irrational fear. Results of this study are expected to expand current knowledge about treatments for major medical problems concerning irrational fear.
“We’re taking all of what we learned from the basic studies of animals and bringing that into the clinical practices that help people. Things are starting to come together in a very important way,” said Stephen Maren, a psychology professor from the University of Michigan.
The National Institute of Mental Health revealed that about 40 million Americans suffer from anxiety disorders. Being a basic primal emotion, fear is a key to evolutionary survival which we share in common with animals. Aside from genetics, traumatic events are closely associated with the development of overwhelming and needless fear.
Ted Abel, a fear researcher at the University of Pennsylvania considers fear to be a funny thing. ” One needs enough of it, but not too much of it,” said Abel.
According to Armi Rowe, a Connecticut freelance writer and mother, she used to be one of those rational types who are usually calm under pressure. She is not afraid to downhill ski the treacherous black diamond trails of snowy mountains. One day, however, while coping with some serious illnesses in her family, she felt fear closing in on her while she was driving alone. She thought that the stab of pain on her chest was a heart attack and called 911. Later on, it was learned that what happened was an anxiety attack.
With the help of counseling, self-study coping exercises and introspection, Rowe learned to manage such attacks early on. David Carbonell, a Chicago psychologist specializing in treating anxiety disorders, said that there’s a trick to panic attack. “You’re experiencing this powerful discomfort but you’re getting tricked into treating it like danger”, said Carbonell.
There is a possibility that by learning how fear runs through the brain and body, scientists can improve on how to dampen fear.
Amygdala, an almond-shaped part of the deep brain, is the fear hot spot. New York University psychology and neural science professor Elizabeth Phelps said that amygdala is not the one responsible for all fear response but acts like a burglar alarm that connects to everything else.
It was found that a certain chemical reaction in the amygdala is vital in the way mice and people learn to overcome fear, according to Emory University psychiatry and psychology professor Michael Davis. Mice never learn to counter their fears when that reaction is deactivated.
D-cycloserine, a drug already used to fight hard-to-treat tuberculosis, was found to strengthen that good chemical reaction in mice. When combined with therapy, it produces the same effect on people who have a fear of heights, and is now being tested in survivors of the World Trade Center attacks and the Iraq war.
Recent studies have shown that people easily recognize fear in other humans faster than other emotions. Other studies have suggested that bodily functions change just by being very afraid. One study found that very frightened people can withstand more pain than those not experiencing fear. Another found that experiencing fear or merely perceiving it in others improved people’s attention and brain skills.
According to Carbonell, since the normal response for dealing with a real threat is either to flee or fight, the best way to deal with fear when the threat is unreal is to do just the opposite: “Wait it out and chill.”
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Easily Training Man’s Best Friend
By Alfred Hernandez
Dog is man’s best friend. I truly believe that. I love my dog. A well- trained dog can be a great companion for anyone from small children to adults. Specially trained dogs can do some amazing things. Dogs are even trained to do almost human tasks like calling 911 when there is an emergency.
In this article I am going to tell you a few things about training your dog that will make him or her even more valuable to everyone in your family. I would like to share some things that I have learned with you about training your dog.
There are some important basics you need to learn to successfully train your dog before we start. Obedience commands are important for laying a foundation in communicating between you and your dog, it creates a common language that you and your dog understand.
To Many new dog owners never really establish this kind of communication, and end up struggling with a disobedient dog as a result. There are many styles of training for your dog, but I want to stick to the basics and not get things to complicated for you.
The training I want to tell you about is the leash and collar technique, it’s widely used and is very effective if done correctly. The leash and collar can be used in varying degrees of force from mild to harsh, but not cruel, and should never be used to nag your dog with ineffective correction.
Generally the leash is used as the main form of control to help you teach your dog each new behavior. Once it displays that it knows a command the leash will be used to correct the dogs behavior.
I always use basic commands when I have train my dogs and it has worked well for me. If you don’t know any basic commands here are just a few easy ones that most dog owners know;
Heel- (to walk on a loose leash)
Sit
Stay
Down
Fetch
Release - (To release an object from its mouth)
One thing you need to know is, the leash and collar is just one of the many tools to help you train your dog. Leash training can never replace leader/follower relationship between the owner and the dog. Leash training will increase the bond between you and your dog, but can never replace trust that can only come from you and how you treat your dog.
Positive reinforcement training can also help you train your dog to learn these basic commands. Encouraging them with petting and positive, cheerful words much like you do with a baby who catches a ball. You can even applaud. Giving your dog treats is also effective when training your dog to performs certain tasks.
There are, as I said before, many ways to train your dog. I hope this article will encourage you to do a little more research on the topic so you can train your dog to be the best he or she can be.
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Is it Time for Daddy to go on the Pill?
By Alberto Martinez
Women have been using contraceptions or birth control pills ever since this drug was approved. This kind of medication aims to prevent women from ovulation and could effectively prevent unwanted pregnancy. It contains two synthetic versions of the naturally occurring female hormones: estrogen and progesterone. This combination of hormones prevent ovulation because there is no egg to be fertilized and, as such, pregnancy does not occur. Today, contraceptives can be seen in different forms. From birth control pills, sponges, diaphragms, and IUDs, women now have options for planning their fertility. But then again, not all these options seems to be quite perfect.
Researchers now have been studying the use of contraceptives in men. A man’s sexual health is equally important as that of women. Men, too, must learn about the options available to prevent unwanted pregnancy. As a male-initiated method, having vasectomy is one of the common ways to preventing unwanted pregnancy. It is a surgical procedure for men in which their vasa deferentia is cut, which, in effect, causes sterility the patient. By having this kind of permanent birth control for men, their sperm would not be exiting from their penis anymore. The sperm is broken down and absorbed by the man’s body. Another form of birth control for men would be the use of condoms. These latex device is usually used by men during sexual intercourse. Condoms physically block the ejaculated semen from entering the body of his sexual partner. Nowadays, the use of condoms is crucial to protect one’s self from sexually transmitted disease. However, based on some surveys, the use of prophylactics can prevent certain sensations which also reduce pleasure for both sex partners.
Hormone regulation is now also used to produce sterility in men. Two hormone-regulating products that are already available in the market include the testosterone gel which lowers testosterone levels; and the progestin shot which is sold commonly under the brand name DepoProvera. The product is administered by giving a man one shot every three months, while the gel-based product is rubbed on gel everyday. The success rates for using these male contraceptives is 90 percent. Opinions about the effectiveness of these products still differ.
Another study involved the “Intra Vas Device”, an alternative to vasectomy that works by blocking the sperm in the vas deferens. The set of plugs can be removed in case the man changes his mind. Studies have shown that the fertility of the man can return if the IVD is removed after short-term use. Successful pregnancy cannot be guaranteed after long term use of the said device.
In Columbia, researchers made use of Vitamin A in designing a contraceptive for men. A low percentage of Vitamin A in men could lose their fertility, but could also make them sick. Due to this, they have discovered a drug that has interfered with Vitamin A receptors in the testes. They have tested this on mice, and it worked without any negative effects on animal health. This gave them an optimistic view that with further studies and experiments, this could work fine for men.
In knowing all these, men should really open up and speak with regards to the use of these newfound contraceptives for them. The demand for such is continuously growing, and it’s only a matter of time and opinion before all these contraceptives can reach the general public.
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